{"id":1109,"date":"2016-11-21T14:48:44","date_gmt":"2016-11-21T13:48:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/2016\/11\/21\/pristup-slovenskych-zien-k-problematike-rakoviny-krcka-maternice\/"},"modified":"2017-10-03T14:37:01","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T12:37:01","slug":"attitudes-of-slovak-women-on-the-issue-of-cervical-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/attitudes-of-slovak-women-on-the-issue-of-cervical-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Attitudes of Slovak women on the issue of cervical cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">*All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf <\/span><\/strong>\r\n <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">attachment at the end of the paper. <\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00davod<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rakovina kr\u010dka maternice je ochoren\u00edm s\u00a0v\u00fdznamnou mo\u017enos\u0165ou prevencie, ktor\u00e1 je mo\u017en\u00e1 iba dobrou organiz\u00e1ciou prevent\u00edvnych gynekologick\u00fdch prehliadok, na ktor\u00fdch sa \u017eeny pravidelne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148uj\u00fa. Percento \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 na Slovensku absolvuje tieto prehliadky, je ve\u013emi n\u00edzke.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Metodika a\u00a0s\u00fabor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kvantitat\u00edvny prieskum syst\u00e9mom online a\u00a0telefonick\u00e9ho kontaktu 1\u00a0000 \u017eien vo veku 15 \u2013 63 rokov v\u00a0auguste 2014 hodnotil pr\u00edstup slovensk\u00fdch \u017eien k\u00a0prevent\u00edvnym gynekologick\u00fdm prehliadkam a\u00a0k\u00a0problematike rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ciele prieskumu<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zisti\u0165 postoje a\u00a0spr\u00e1vanie slovensk\u00fdch \u017eien v\u00a0oblasti gynekologick\u00fdch prehliadok \u2013 be\u017en\u00fdch aj prevent\u00edvnych.<\/li>\n<li>Zhodnoti\u0165 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 \u017eien pri v\u00fdbere gynekol\u00f3ga, ich o\u010dak\u00e1vania a\u00a0d\u00f4le\u017eitosti odbornej erud\u00edcie.<\/li>\n<li>Stanovi\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 informovanosti v\u00a0oblasti mo\u017enosti prevencie a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobov diagnostiky rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice.<\/li>\n<li>Analyzova\u0165 \u00fadaje o\u00a0z\u00e1chyte a\u00a0vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0rakovine kr\u010dka maternice.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zistenia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u017deny nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa ambulanciu gynekol\u00f3ga naj\u010dastej\u0161ie za \u00fa\u010delom prevent\u00edvnej prehliadky (74 %), alebo ke\u010f maj\u00fa zdravotn\u00fd probl\u00e9m (42 %) (obr\u00e1zok 3). Gynekologick\u00fa prehliadku vn\u00edma ako nepr\u00edjemn\u00fa 34 % (obr\u00e1zok 3), 59 % ju hodnot\u00ed neutr\u00e1lne (obr\u00e1zok 4). 75 % respondentiek deklaruje, \u017ee na prevent\u00edvnu gynekologick\u00fa prehliadku chod\u00ed aspo\u0148 jedenkr\u00e1t ro\u010dne. \u010eal\u0161\u00edch 13 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee prevent\u00edvnu gynekologick\u00fa prehliadku absolvuje raz za dva roky. 75 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 frekvencia absolvovania prevent\u00edvnych prehliadok je raz ro\u010dne, a\u017e 21 %, \u017ee je to 2-kr\u00e1t ro\u010dne (obr\u00e1zok 2). Naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4vodom ved\u00facim k\u00a0absolvovaniu prevent\u00edvnej gynekologickej prehliadky je starostlivos\u0165 o svoje zdravie (82 %) (obr\u00e1zok 5). Naj\u010dastej\u0161ou bari\u00e9rou t\u00fdch \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 gynekol\u00f3ga nenav\u0161tevuj\u00fa, je absencia potreby tam chodi\u0165, pokia\u013e nemaj\u00fa zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>Respondentky nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa v\u00a059 % gynekol\u00f3ga mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlavia, 39 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch chod\u00ed k\u00a0\u017een\u00e1m. So st\u00fapaj\u00facim vzdelan\u00edm mierne st\u00fapa preferencia lek\u00e1rky oproti lek\u00e1rovi.<\/p>\n<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie atrib\u00faty pri v\u00fdbere gynekol\u00f3ga s\u00fa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>odbornos\u0165, prax a\u00a0sk\u00fasenosti<\/li>\n<li>citliv\u00fd pr\u00edstup<\/li>\n<li>ochotn\u00e1 a\u00a0zrozumite\u013en\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>U\u00a0svojho s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra s\u00fa respondentky v\u00a0spom\u00ednan\u00fdch atrib\u00fatoch spokojn\u00e9 na 90 %. Celkovo s\u00fa najspokojnej\u0161ie pacientky z\u00a0najvy\u0161\u0161ej vekovej skupiny. Pri hodnoten\u00ed pr\u00edstupu po\u010das poslednej prevent\u00edvnej prehliadky sa vekov\u00e9 skupiny od seba l\u00ed\u0161ia len v\u00a0hodnoten\u00ed \u00fastretovosti lek\u00e1ra. \u010c\u00edm ned\u00e1vnej\u0161ie sa prevent\u00edvna prehliadka uskuto\u010dnila, t\u00fdm pozit\u00edvnej\u0161ie bola hodnoten\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Pri hodnoten\u00ed \u00farovne informovanosti v\u00a0oblasti mo\u017enost\u00ed prevencie a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobov diagnostiky rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice osloven\u00e9 \u017eeny v\u00a095 % menovali ako d\u00f4vod absolvovania prevent\u00edvnych gynekologick\u00fdch prehliadok v\u010dasn\u00e9 zachytenie skryt\u00fdch gynekologick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed (obr\u00e1zok 3). Za s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 prevent\u00edvnej gynekologickej prehliadky ozna\u010dili respondentky odber buniek z\u00a0kr\u010dka maternice na cytologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie v\u00a079 % (obr\u00e1zok 8). Znalos\u0165 odberu na cytologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie ako s\u00fa\u010dasti prevent\u00edvnej gynekologickej prehliadky je v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161ia vo vekovej skupine 31 \u2013 50-ro\u010dn\u00fdch. T\u00e1to znalos\u0165 st\u00fapa so zvy\u0161uj\u00facim sa vzdelan\u00edm. 60 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch spont\u00e1nne menovalo cytol\u00f3giu ako vy\u0161etrenie ur\u010den\u00e9 na v\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt mo\u017enej rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice<em>. <\/em>Podporene ju menovalo 89 % (obr\u00e1zok 10). 1,5 % op\u00fdtan\u00fdch spont\u00e1nne pozn\u00e1 LBC (liquid based cytology), 42 % by ju preferovalo (obr\u00e1zok 11, 13). Ur\u010dit\u00e9 typy v\u00edrusov, ako napr\u00edklad HPV, menovalo 60 % \u017eien ako rizikov\u00fd faktor vzniku rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice (obr\u00e1zok 9). Sk\u00fasenosti s\u00a0o\u010dkovan\u00edm proti HPV dokumentuje obr\u00e1zok 12. Sk\u00fasenosti s\u00a0pozit\u00edvnym n\u00e1lezom na kr\u010dku maternice m\u00e1 12 % \u017eien.<\/p>\n<p>Pri hodnoten\u00ed sp\u00f4sobu z\u00e1chytu a\u00a0vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0rakovine kr\u010dka maternice 81 % osloven\u00fdch \u017eien zachytilo inform\u00e1ciu o\u00a0rakovine kr\u010dka maternice. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie to bolo na let\u00e1koch, v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u00a0\u010dasopisoch. Z\u00e1chyt inform\u00e1ci\u00ed st\u00fapa vekom, vzdelan\u00edm a\u00a0pr\u00edjmom respondentiek (obr\u00e1zok 15). Akt\u00edvne si tieto inform\u00e1cie vyh\u013eadalo 71 % respondentiek. Vyh\u013ead\u00e1vali ich na internete, let\u00e1koch od svojho gynekol\u00f3ga alebo in\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra. V\u00fdrazne viac \u017eien si akt\u00edvne vyh\u013ead\u00e1valo inform\u00e1cie, pokia\u013e u\u017e mali sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s\u00a0pozit\u00edvnym cytologick\u00fdm n\u00e1lezom. Za najd\u00f4veryhodnej\u0161ie respondentky pokladaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie od svojho gynekol\u00f3ga (88 %) a\u00a0let\u00e1ky alebo informa\u010dn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly od lek\u00e1ra alebo z\u00a0lek\u00e1rne.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1very pre prax<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Povedomie \u017eien na Slovensku o\u00a0odpor\u00fa\u010danej frekvencii absolvovania prevent\u00edvnej gynekologickej prehliadky je na \u00farovni 75 % a\u00a0rovnak\u00e9 percento ud\u00e1va, \u017ee aspo\u0148 raz ro\u010dne tento typ prehliadky absolvuje, \u010do je v\u00a0pr\u00edkrom rozpore so skuto\u010dn\u00fdm po\u010dtom \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 naozaj prevent\u00edvnu gynekologick\u00fa prehliadku absolvuj\u00fa (20 \u2013 30 %). Potenci\u00e1l na zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u010dtu \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 absolvuj\u00fa prevent\u00edvne gynekologick\u00e9 prehliadky, je vzh\u013eadom na ich informovanos\u0165 naozaj vysok\u00e1. Ako zmyslupln\u00e9 sa jav\u00ed apelova\u0165 na v\u00f4\u013eu \u017eien stara\u0165 sa o\u00a0svoje zdravie aj v\u00a0obdob\u00ed, ke\u010f pr\u00e1ve nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadne zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Pozit\u00edvna em\u00f3cia (\u201eza nie\u010do\u201c) sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 silnej\u0161\u00edm motiv\u00e1torom na\u00a0absolvovanie prevent\u00edvnych prehliadok ako negat\u00edvne pocity, ako je strach z\u00a0rakoviny, \u010di in\u00e9ho ochorenia, alebo pocit povinnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee znalos\u0165 odberu na cytologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie ako s\u00fa\u010dasti gynekologickej prehliadky je v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161ia vo vekovej skupine 31- a\u017e 50-ro\u010dn\u00fdch (a rastie so zvy\u0161uj\u00facim sa vzdelan\u00edm), bolo by potrebn\u00e9 posilni\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 informovanosti zvy\u0161n\u00fdch vekov\u00fdch skup\u00edn \u017eien.<\/p>\n<p>Na zv\u00fd\u0161enie informovanosti sa javia let\u00e1ky od lek\u00e1ra alebo z\u00a0lek\u00e1rne ako najvhodnej\u0161ie, preto\u017ee sa umiestnili ako prv\u00fd spont\u00e1nne menovan\u00fd zdroj a\u00a0po rozhovore s\u00a0lek\u00e1rom aj ako najd\u00f4veryhodnej\u0161\u00ed. Vhodnou komunika\u010dnou cestou je tie\u017e internet, ke\u010f\u017ee je pri akt\u00edvnom vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed inform\u00e1ci\u00ed pre respondentky najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0svojou intimitou umo\u017e\u0148uje informova\u0165 o\u00a0detailnom priebehu gynekologickej prehliadky, \u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre najni\u017e\u0161ie vekov\u00e9 skupiny. Internet je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojom inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0v\u00fdzname prevent\u00edvnych gynekologick\u00fdch prehliadok a\u00a0zmysle z\u00e1chytu rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice a\u00a0mo\u017enostiach klasickej a\u00a0LBC. Vhodnou platformou na najjednoduch\u0161ie komunika\u010dn\u00e9 kampane sa ukazuj\u00fa \u010dasopisy a\u00a0\u017eensk\u00e9 magaz\u00edny.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u010cl\u00e1nok vznikol na z\u00e1klade v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt v projekte, ktor\u00fd bol podporen\u00fd v r\u00e1mci OP V\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj, s n\u00e1zvom: Dobudovanie technickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary v oblasti v\u00fdskumu diagnostick\u00fdch postupov a met\u00f3d v r\u00e1mci v\u010dasnej diagnostiky naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch onkologick\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed u \u017eien, ITMS 26210120026, spolufinancovan\u00fd zo zdrojov Eur\u00f3pskeho fondu region\u00e1lneho rozvoja.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>*All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf attachment at the end of the paper. &nbsp; \u00davod Rakovina kr\u010dka maternice je ochoren\u00edm s\u00a0v\u00fdznamnou mo\u017enos\u0165ou prevencie, ktor\u00e1 je mo\u017en\u00e1 iba dobrou organiz\u00e1ciou prevent\u00edvnych gynekologick\u00fdch prehliadok, na ktor\u00fdch sa \u017eeny pravidelne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148uj\u00fa. Percento \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 na Slovensku<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[293],"tags":[715,406,716,714],"class_list":["post-1109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cytology","tag-cytology","tag-gynekologia-en","tag-hpv","tag-preventive-gynecological-examination","typ_clanku-review-article"],"acf":{"abstrakt":"<p>A survey on a representative sample evaluates the attitudes of Slovak women on the issue of cervical cancer in terms of their awareness and satisfaction with gynecological care. It has shown patients\u2019 satisfaction with physicians, appropriate level of knowledge about the need for preventive gynecological examinations as well as their significance and objectives. It has shown significant reserves in the need for education of women towards the change in motivation to undergo preventive testing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words:<\/strong> preventive gynecological examination, cytology, HPV<\/p>\n","casopis":[{"ID":1000,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2015-11-21 14:33:24","post_date_gmt":"2015-11-21 13:33:24","post_content":"<h4><strong>GENETICS<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The laboratory age<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The Odyssey of DNA reading<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Comparative genomic hybridisation: a methodological introduction<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Next generation sequencing and its application in clinical genetics<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><\/h4>\r\n<h4><strong>BIOCHEMISTRY<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Determining of the trace elements in blood serum<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Determining of \u03b1-tocopherol (vitamin E) in serum by way of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC\/MS\/MS)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Analysis of urinary calculi and its path to Europe<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4><strong>IMMUNOLOGY <\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>New autoantibodies in diagnosis of autoimmunity myopathies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Taking advantage of flow-based cytometry in determining prognostic markers<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCD38 and ZAP-70 in patients with B-CLL\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4><strong>CYTOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY <\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Mucinous ovarian carcinoma \u2013 news in diagnosis from the pathologist\u2019s perspective<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","post_title":"newsLab","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"newslab-12015","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2017-08-16 21:43:10","post_modified_gmt":"2017-08-16 19:43:10","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/casopis\/newslab-12015\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"casopis","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"strana":"55","upload_clanok":{"ID":1110,"id":1110,"title":"medirex_1_2015-borovsky","filename":"MEDIREX_1_2015-\u2013-Borovsky.pdf","filesize":350684,"url":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/MEDIREX_1_2015-\u2013-Borovsky.pdf","link":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/attitudes-of-slovak-women-on-the-issue-of-cervical-cancer\/medirex_1_2015-borovsky\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"medirex_1_2015-borovsky","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1109,"date":"2016-12-06 21:53:54","modified":"2016-12-06 21:53:54","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"application\/pdf","type":"application","subtype":"pdf","icon":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/document.png"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1109\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}