{"id":1193,"date":"2016-12-11T17:25:14","date_gmt":"2016-12-11T16:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/2016\/12\/11\/biochemicka-diagnostika-pri-ochoreniach-git\/"},"modified":"2017-10-04T14:35:03","modified_gmt":"2017-10-04T12:35:03","slug":"biochemical-diagnosis-in-diseases-of-git","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/biochemical-diagnosis-in-diseases-of-git\/","title":{"rendered":"Biochemical Diagnosis in Diseases of GIT"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>*All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf\u00a0\r\nattachment at the end of the paper.\r\n\r\n<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kli<\/strong><strong>ni<\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Laborat\u00f3rne vy\u0161etrenia pri ochoreniach pankreasu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vonkaj\u0161ia sekretorick\u00e1 \u00a0\u010das\u0165 pankreasu je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm \u00a0producentom enz\u00fdmov katalyzuj\u00facich \u0161tiepenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edn z potravy v tenkom \u010dreve. \u00a0Sekr\u00e9t pankreasu, \u00a0ktor\u00fd je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou duoden\u00e1lnej \u0161\u0165avy, obsahuje vysok\u00fa koncentr\u00e1ciu \u00a0hydrog\u00e9nuhli\u010ditanov, \u00a0akt\u00edvnu \u03b1-amyl\u00e1zu. \u00a0Lip\u00e1za sa aktivuje a\u017e stykom so \u017el\u010dov\u00fdmi kyselinami. Proteolytick\u00e9 enz\u00fdmy sa tu nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v inakt\u00edvnej forme ako proenz\u00fdmy (trypsinog\u00e9n, \u00a0chymotrypsinog\u00e9n, \u00a0prokarboxypeptid\u00e1za, proelast\u00e1za) (1).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>S<\/strong><strong>e<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>e<\/strong><strong>to<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>i<\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>\u00e1 insuficiencia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pankreatick\u00e1 elast\u00e1za v stolici<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Klinick\u00e1 manifest\u00e1cia vonkaj\u0161ej sekretorickej insuficiencie pankreasu je neskor\u00fdm \u00a0pr\u00edznakom \u00a0chronickej pankreatit\u00eddy, ktor\u00e1 sa objavuje a\u017e po de\u0161trukcii viac ne\u017e 90 % funk\u010dn\u00e9ho parench\u00fdmu a jeho nahraden\u00ed fibr\u00f3znym tkanivom. Je to taktie\u017e neskor\u00fd a neist\u00fd pr\u00edznak karcin\u00f3mu pankreasu. Vy\u0161etrenie vonkaj\u0161ej sekretorickej funkcie pankreasu stanoven\u00edm pankreatick\u00fdch enz\u00fdmov v stolici je najjednoduch\u0161\u00edm \u00a0testom tak pre chor\u00e9ho, ako aj s oh\u013eadom na laborat\u00f3rne stanovenie. Pankreatick\u00e1 elast\u00e1za sa pri prechode \u010drevom nedegraduje, \u00a0je preto v\u00fdborn\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom \u00a0exokrinnej funkcie pankreasu. \u00a0Tento test m\u00e1 vyu\u017eitie aj v pediatrii na d\u00f4kaz\u00a0 cystickej \u00a0fibr\u00f3zy so \u0161pecificitou a senzitivitou takmer 100 % (2).<\/p>\n<p><em>Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 hodnoty:<br \/>\n<\/em>Exokrinn\u00e1 insuficiencia pankreasu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chronick\u00e1 pankreatit\u00edda<\/li>\n<li>cystick\u00e1 fibr\u00f3za<\/li>\n<li>karcin\u00f3m pankreasu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diagnostika ak\u00fatnej pankreatit\u00eddy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AMS, pAMS, LPS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Diagnostika ak\u00fatnej pankreatit\u00eddy je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na d\u00f4kaze zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch pankreatick\u00fdch enz\u00fdmov \u2013 amyl\u00e1zy, lip\u00e1zy, na pozad\u00ed typick\u00e9ho klinick\u00e9ho obrazu s prudkou abdomin\u00e1lnou boles\u0165ou. Aktivita amyl\u00e1zy st\u00fapa v s\u00e9re za 3 \u2013 12 hod\u00edn po ataku ak\u00fatnej pankreatit\u00eddy, dosahuje \u00a0hodnoty \u00a05- a viackr\u00e1t presahuj\u00face horn\u00fa referen\u010dn\u00fa hranicu a pri nekomplikovanom \u00a0priebehu \u00a0doch\u00e1dza \u00a0k normaliz\u00e1cii \u00a0do 3 dn\u00ed. Preto\u017ee m\u00e1 mal\u00fa molekulu, AMS prenik\u00e1 do mo\u010du, v ktorom je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 aktivita s nieko\u013ekohodinov\u00fdm ome\u0161kan\u00edm oproti s\u00e9ru.<br \/>\nS\u00fa\u010dasne so zv\u00fd\u0161enou \u00a0aktivitou AMS doch\u00e1dza \u00a0aj k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu aktivity lip\u00e1zy. Lip\u00e1za \u00a0neprenik\u00e1 \u00a0do mo\u010du a nie je ovplyvnen\u00e1 ren\u00e1lnou insuficienciou. Z h\u013eadiska etiol\u00f3gie s\u00fa hodnoty pankreatick\u00fdch enz\u00fdmov ni\u017e\u0161ie pri alkoholickej pankreatit\u00edde. Pri \u0165a\u017ekej forme ak\u00fatnej pankreatit\u00eddy m\u00f4\u017eeme \u00a0pozorova\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie koncentr\u00e1cie \u00a0v\u00e1pnika v s\u00e9re. Je to n\u00e1sledok tvorby nerozpustn\u00fdch v\u00e1penat\u00fdch sol\u00ed mastn\u00fdch \u00a0kysel\u00edn, uvo\u013enen\u00fdch \u00a0z tkanivov\u00fdch lipidov p\u00f4soben\u00edm \u00a0pankreatickej lip\u00e1zy (1). Okrem pankreasu \u00a0je amyl\u00e1za \u00a0secernovan\u00e1 \u00a0aj extrapankreaticky. Koncentr\u00e1cie amyl\u00e1zy v pankrease a slinn\u00fdch \u017e\u013eaz\u00e1ch v\u0161ak r\u00e1dovo presahuj\u00fa koncentr\u00e1cie v in\u00fdch org\u00e1noch.<br \/>\nPankreas secernuje \u00a0jednu izoamyl\u00e1zu. V slinnej \u017e\u013eaze je tvoren\u00fdch nieko\u013eko izoamyl\u00e1z. Tie s\u00fa okrem slinn\u00fdch \u017eliaz tvoren\u00e9 aj vo vaj\u00ed\u010dkovodoch a s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 \u00a0aj v slz\u00e1ch. Pankreatick\u00e1 amyl\u00e1za je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pri pankreatit\u00edde, po ERCP, karcin\u00f3me pankreasu, ob\u0161trukcii v\u00fdvodu, pri perfor\u00e1cii a infarkte \u010dreva.<br \/>\nK zv\u00fd\u0161eniu amyl\u00e1zy doch\u00e1dza \u00a0aj pri makroamylaz\u00e9mii. Je to stav, pri ktorom doch\u00e1dza \u00a0k tvorbe komplexov amyl\u00e1zy s imunoglobul\u00ednmi IgG, IgA, IgM alebo s glykoprote\u00ednom. Tieto komplexy nie s\u00fa vylu\u010dovan\u00e9 obli\u010dkami, preto je vy\u0161\u0161ia hodnota AMS v s\u00e9re a n\u00edzka v mo\u010di (2). U pacienta nie s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky pankreatit\u00eddy.<\/p>\n<p><em>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hodnoty AMS, LPS:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ak\u00fatna pankreatit\u00edda<\/li>\n<li>recid\u00edva chronickej pankreatit\u00eddy<\/li>\n<li>perfor\u00e1cia peptick\u00e9ho vredu, \u017el\u010dn\u00edka<\/li>\n<li>mezenteri\u00e1lna isch\u00e9mia<\/li>\n<li>ren\u00e1lna insuficiencia (\u008fAMS)<\/li>\n<li>makroamylaz\u00e9mia (\u008fAMS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>L<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>b<\/strong><strong>o<\/strong><strong>ra<\/strong><strong>t\u00f3<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><strong>a diagnostika ne\u0161pecifick\u00fdch \u010drevn\u00fdch z\u00e1palov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kalprotekt\u00edn je cytozolov\u00fd \u00a0prote\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje z leukocytov po ich \u00a0aktiv\u00e1cii alebo \u00a0l\u00fdze. Produkuj\u00fa ho hlavne polymorfonukle\u00e1rne neutrofily a monocyty. Je to prote\u00edn s antimikr\u00f3bnymi a antiprolifera\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinkami. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho stanovi\u0165 v plazme, telov\u00fdch tekutin\u00e1ch a aj v stolici. Obsah kalprotekt\u00ednu v stolici pritom koreluje s mno\u017estvom leukocytov vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00fdch do \u010drevn\u00e9ho lumenu, a t\u00fdm umo\u017e\u0148uje odhad leukocyt\u00e1rnej infiltr\u00e1cie \u010drevnej sliznice (3, 4).<\/p>\n<p><em>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie fek\u00e1lneho kalprotekt\u00ednu v stolici nach\u00e1dzame pri:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kolorekt\u00e1lnom karcin\u00f3me<\/li>\n<li>IBD (inflammatory bowel \u00a0disease) \u2013 Crohnova choroba, ulcer\u00f3zna kolit\u00edda<\/li>\n<li>bakt\u00e9riovej infekcii GIT<\/li>\n<li>u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed salicyl\u00e1tov a nesteroidn\u00fdch antiflogist\u00edk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><strong>dik<\/strong><strong>\u00e1<\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>i<\/strong><strong>e vy\u0161etrenia:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>odl\u00ed\u0161enie funk\u010dn\u00fdch por\u00fach tr\u00e1viaceho traktu od z\u00e1palu sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho organick\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie<\/li>\n<li>zis\u0165ovanie aktivity ne\u0161pecifick\u00e9ho \u00a0\u010drevn\u00e9ho z\u00e1palu<\/li>\n<li>predikcia relapsu IBD<\/li>\n<li>sledovanie odpovede na lie\u010dbu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>G<\/strong><strong>as<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>\u00ed<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gastr\u00edn je stimul\u00e1tor \u017eal\u00fado\u010dnej \u00a0sekr\u00e9cie. Je to oligopeptid tvoren\u00fd v sliznici prepyloryckej \u010dasti \u017eal\u00fadka a duodena. K telu \u017eal\u00fadka sa dost\u00e1va krvou, m\u00e1 teda charakter horm\u00f3nu (1). Jeho najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou funkciou je stimul\u00e1cia vylu\u010dovania H+ do \u017eal\u00fado\u010dnej dutiny, \u010d\u00edm zni\u017euje pH \u017eal\u00fado\u010dnej \u00a0\u0161\u0165avy, \u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eitou podmienkou na optim\u00e1lnu funkciu peps\u00ednu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kli<\/strong><strong>ni<\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 sekr\u00e9cia gastr\u00ednu:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zollingerov-Ellisonov syndr\u00f3m \u2013 gastr\u00edn je produkovan\u00fd v exces\u00edvnych mno\u017estv\u00e1ch, zvy\u010dajne gastrin\u00f3mom, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza v pankrease, menej \u010dasto v duod\u00e9ne alebo v \u017eal\u00fadku. Asi 75 % gastrin\u00f3mov \u00a0je sporadick\u00fdch, 25 % b\u00fdva s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dedi\u010dnej autozom\u00e1lne dominantnej mnohopo\u010detnej endokrinnej neopl\u00e1zie I. typu \u00a0(MEN-I). Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vznik\u00e1 medzi 30. \u2013 50. rokom \u017eivota.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Klinick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ulcus bulbi duodeni, hna\u010dky, steatorhea<\/li>\n<li>sten\u00f3za pyloru<\/li>\n<li>ulcus dvan\u00e1stnika<\/li>\n<li>vagot\u00f3mia bez resekcie \u017eal\u00fadka<\/li>\n<li>autoimunitn\u00e1 gastrit\u00edda \u2013 p\u00f4soben\u00edm\u00a0 autoprotil\u00e1tok proti pariet\u00e1lnym bunk\u00e1m doch\u00e1dza \u00a0k hypochl\u00f3rhydrii a\u017e achl\u00f3rhydrii, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje vysok\u00e9 vylu\u010dovanie gastr\u00ednu s cie\u013eom kompenzova\u0165 t\u00fato poruchu;<\/li>\n<li>hyperpl\u00e1zia G-buniek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 sekr\u00e9cia gastr\u00ednu<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>antrekt\u00f3mia<\/li>\n<li>gastroezofage\u00e1lny \u00a0reflux (5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N<\/strong><strong>\u00e1do<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>ov\u00e9 ochorenia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pri n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch \u00a0ochoreniach \u00a0GIT doch\u00e1dza \u00a0k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu viacer\u00fdch onkomarkerov. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 markery CEA, CA19-9, CA 72-4. Bli\u017e\u0161ie v preh\u013eadovej pr\u00e1ci onkomarkery.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>P<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>e<\/strong><strong>d<\/strong><strong>an<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>l<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>i<\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AMS, pAMS, LPS \u2013 odber do \u0161tandardnej biochemickej sk\u00famavky so separa\u010dn\u00fdm g\u00e9lom. Po odbere treba \u010do najsk\u00f4r doru\u010di\u0165 do laborat\u00f3ria.<\/p>\n<p>AMS \u2013 v mo\u010di \u2013 jednorazov\u00fd mo\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>Gastr\u00edn \u2013 odber mus\u00ed by\u0165 r\u00e1no nala\u010dno \u00a0(vplyv potravy, diurn\u00e1lny rytmus) do \u0161tandardnej g\u00e9lovej biochemickej \u00a0sk\u00famavky. Okam\u017eite od- nies\u0165 do laborat\u00f3ria. Krv mus\u00ed by\u0165 \u010do najsk\u00f4r scentrifugovan\u00e1 \u00a0v chladenej centrif\u00fage. Okam\u017eite zmrazi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Kalprotekt\u00edn, pankreatick\u00e1 elast\u00e1za \u2013 vzorka stolice ve\u013ekosti hr\u00e1\u0161ku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>e<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>f<\/strong><strong>e<\/strong><strong>r<\/strong><strong>e<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><strong>c<\/strong><strong>ie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AMS \u2013 siln\u00e1 hemol\u00fdza, lip\u00e9mia<br \/>\nGastr\u00edn \u2013 lip\u00e9mia<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Me<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u00f3d<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AMS, LPS \u2013 fotometrick\u00e1 met\u00f3da<br \/>\nKalprotekt\u00edn, pankreatick\u00e1 elast\u00e1za \u2013 imunoenzymatick\u00e9 stanovenie<br \/>\nELISA<br \/>\nGastr\u00edn \u2013 chemiluminiscen\u010dn\u00e1 imunoassay CLIA<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>K<\/strong><strong>\u00f3<\/strong><strong>d vy\u0161etrenia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AMS \u2013 3694a, AMSp \u2013 3697, LPS \u2013 3695a, Kalprotekt\u00edn \u2013 V\u0161zp, Union \u2013 44421, D\u00f4vera \u2013 4464, Pankreatick\u00e1 elast\u00e1za \u2013 4476, Gastr\u00edn \u2013 4351.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dos<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>up<\/strong><strong>nos<\/strong><strong>\u0165 vy\u0161etrenia <\/strong>Centr\u00e1lne laborat\u00f3rium Bratislava Centr\u00e1lne laborat\u00f3rium Ko\u0161ice<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>L<\/strong><strong>it<\/strong><strong>e<\/strong><strong>ra<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u00fa<\/strong><strong>ra<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Racek J. <em>K<\/em><em>li<\/em><em>nick\u00e1 biochemie. <\/em>Praha: Gal\u00e9n; 1999: 184, 186\u2013187.<\/li>\n<li>Zima T. <em>Laborat\u00f3rn\u00ed <\/em><em>d<\/em><em>i<\/em><em>a<\/em><em>g<\/em><em>n<\/em><em>o<\/em><em>s<\/em><em>t<\/em><em>i<\/em><em>k<\/em><em>a<\/em>. Praha: Gal\u00e9n; 2007: 86\u201388, 110\u2013111.<\/li>\n<li>Van Rheenen PF, et al. Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflamatory bowel disease: diagnostic metaanalysis. <em>B<\/em><em>M<\/em><em>J<\/em><em>. <\/em>2010;341:c336<\/li>\n<li>Paduchova Z, Durackova Z. Faecal calprotectin as a promising marker of inflammatory diseases. <em>B<\/em><em>r<\/em><em>a<\/em><em>tisl. Lek. Listy. <\/em>2009;110(10):598\u2013602.<\/li>\n<li><em>Immul<\/em><em>ite 2000 GASTRIN (PIEL\u20132KGA\u20132) <\/em><em>1<\/em> 2008: 11\u201314.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>*All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf\u00a0 attachment at the end of the paper. &nbsp; Klinick\u00fd v\u00fdznam Laborat\u00f3rne vy\u0161etrenia pri ochoreniach pankreasu Vonkaj\u0161ia sekretorick\u00e1 \u00a0\u010das\u0165 pankreasu je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm \u00a0producentom enz\u00fdmov katalyzuj\u00facich \u0161tiepenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edn z potravy v tenkom \u010dreve. \u00a0Sekr\u00e9t pankreasu, \u00a0ktor\u00fd je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[289],"tags":[788,786,790,792,791,787,785,789],"class_list":["post-1193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biochemistry","tag-acute-pancreatitis","tag-amylases","tag-calprotectin","tag-gastrin","tag-intestinal-inflammation","tag-lipase","tag-pancreas","tag-pancreatic-elastase","typ_clanku-review-article"],"acf":{"abstrakt":"<p>Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) serves for intake of water and nutrients including vitamins and minerals necessary for functioning of organism, is assures sources of energy as well as construction materials. GIT defects include reduction in exogenous pancreatic secretion function, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and cancers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words: <\/strong>pancreas, amylases, lipase, acute pancreatitis, pancreatic elastase, calprotectin, intestinal inflammation, gastrin<\/p>\n","casopis":[{"ID":995,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2016-11-16 12:14:30","post_date_gmt":"2016-11-16 11:14:30","post_content":"<h4><strong>Biochemistry <\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical inflammation markers<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical examinations in liver diseases<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biochemical diagnosis in diseases of GIT<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hypoglycemia<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Urolithiasis as a result of metabolic diseases<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Indication and application of tumor markers in clinical practice<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Monoclonal gammopathies \u2013 laboratory examinations in diagnosis and monitoring<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hormones in diagnosis of reproductive function disorders<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of diseases affecting the nervous system<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Determining trace elements in blood serum<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><strong>Genetics<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Assessing the therapeutic response in patients with chronic myelocyte leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hormones in diagnosis of reproductive functions\u2019 disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><strong>Hematology <\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Anemias \u2013 laboratory diagnosis of the most frequently prevalent types of anemia<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Laboratory and hematological technical equipment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4><strong>Immunology <\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and in vitro diagnosis of onconeural antibodies<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","post_title":"newslab","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"newslab","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2017-08-16 21:40:20","post_modified_gmt":"2017-08-16 19:40:20","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"http:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/casopis\/newslab\/","menu_order":0,"post_type":"casopis","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"strana":"54","upload_clanok":{"ID":1194,"id":1194,"title":"vlnieskova_biochemicka_diagnostika_pri_ochoreniach_git","filename":"Vlnie\u0161kov\u00e1_Biochemick\u00e1_diagnostika_pri_ochoreniach_GIT.pdf","filesize":115281,"url":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Vlnie\u0161kov\u00e1_Biochemick\u00e1_diagnostika_pri_ochoreniach_GIT.pdf","link":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/biochemical-diagnosis-in-diseases-of-git\/vlnieskova_biochemicka_diagnostika_pri_ochoreniach_git\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"vlnieskova_biochemicka_diagnostika_pri_ochoreniach_git","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":1193,"date":"2016-12-11 16:15:58","modified":"2016-12-11 16:15:58","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"application\/pdf","type":"application","subtype":"pdf","icon":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/document.png"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1193"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1193\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}