{"id":2176,"date":"2020-09-07T14:33:17","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T12:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/preferencia-miesta-pricicania-kliesta-obycajneho-ixodes-ricinus-u-ludi\/"},"modified":"2020-09-07T14:36:37","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T12:36:37","slug":"tick-bite-preference-of-ixodes-ricinus-tick-in-the-human","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/tick-bite-preference-of-ixodes-ricinus-tick-in-the-human\/","title":{"rendered":"Tick bite preference of Ixodes ricinus tick in the human"},"content":{"rendered":"

*<\/strong>All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf attachment at the end of the paper.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/strong><\/p>\n

V ostatn\u00fdch dek\u00e1dach st\u00fapa po\u010det pr\u00edpadov ochoren\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch p\u00f4vodcov pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa klie\u0161te, najm\u00e4 klie\u0161\u0165 oby\u010dajn\u00fd (Ixodes ricinus), av\u0161ak nie ka\u017ed\u00fd je rovnako atrakt\u00edvny pre klie\u0161te. Zvy\u0161uje sa n\u00e1v\u0161tevnos\u0165 pr\u00edrody, \u010d\u00edm st\u00fapa aj riziko napadnutia klie\u0161\u0165om. Cie\u013eom pr\u00e1ce je pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na tieto rizik\u00e1 a h\u013eada\u0165 odpovede na pr\u00ed\u010diny rozdielnej atraktivity \u013eud\u00ed pre klie\u0161te, resp. h\u013eada\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s glob\u00e1lnymi spolo\u010densk\u00fdmi zmenami.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1l a metodika<\/strong><\/p>\n

Analyzovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l predstavuje vybran\u00e9 \u00fadaje z troch ankiet vykonan\u00fdch v rokoch 2000-2008 s tromi \u0161tudentmi UVLF a UPJ\u0160 formou dotazn\u00edkov s ot\u00e1zkami a mo\u017en\u00fdmi odpove\u010fami o n\u00e1v\u0161tevnosti lesn\u00fdch biotopov s v\u00fdskytom klie\u0161\u0165ov a d\u00f4vode n\u00e1v\u0161tevy, napadnut\u00ed klie\u0161\u0165om a o mieste jeho pricicania na tele. Ankety sa z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 2 801 respondentov. V prvej ankete(1) bolo osloven\u00fdch 825 respondentov, kde 90 % tvorili \u017eiaci z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch, stredn\u00fdch a vysok\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l vo veku 10\u201339 rokov. V druhom s\u00fabore(2) s\u00fa spracovan\u00e9 odpovede 931 stredo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch \u0161tudentov gymn\u00e1zi\u00ed v Ko\u0161iciach a Gelnici a dvoch lesn\u00edckych \u0161k\u00f4l (SOU lesn\u00edckeho a SL\u0160) v Pre\u0161ove vo veku 15\u201319 rokov, kde sme predpokladali \u010dastej\u0161iu n\u00e1v\u0161tevu lesov. Tret\u00ed s\u00fabor(3) tvoria odpovede 1 045 respondentov r\u00f4zneho povolania z r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed Slovenska vo veku od 15 do 88 rokov. Prv\u00fd pilotn\u00fd s\u00fabor je analyzovan\u00fd ako celok, druh\u00fd a tret\u00ed zoh\u013ead\u0148uje aj pohlavie respondentov. Anketov\u00e9 l\u00edstky boli \u0161tatisticky spracovan\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm programom Epi Info. Pri ur\u010den\u00ed dvoch sledovan\u00fdch znakov s\u00faboru program vypo\u010d\u00edtal \u0161tatistick\u00fa v\u00fdznamnos\u0165 vz\u00e1jomnej z\u00e1vislosti znakov. Za kritick\u00fa hodnotu sa pova\u017eovala hladina v\u00fdznamnosti p < 0,01.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160tvrtina op\u00fdtan\u00fdch uviedla, \u017ee do lesa chod\u00ed len pr\u00edle\u017eitostne, pravidelne lesn\u00e9 oblasti nav\u0161tevovala viac ako polovica op\u00fdtan\u00fdch, v lese b\u00fdvala alebo pracovala p\u00e4tina respondentov, takmer 2,5\u00d7 viac mu\u017eov ako \u017eien (tabu\u013eka 1). Z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 2 801 respondentov, bez oh\u013eadu na vek, pohlavie a povolanie, 26,0 % nikdy na sebe nepozorovalo pricican\u00e9ho klie\u0161\u0165a, ojedinele 62,1 % a atrakt\u00edvnych pre klie\u0161te bolo 10,3 % respondentov s jedn\u00fdm a\u017e 10 klie\u0161\u0165ami ka\u017edoro\u010dne. Viac ako 10 ka\u017edoro\u010dne pricican\u00fdch klie\u0161\u0165ov malo v celom s\u00fabore len 1,6 % respondentov, 2,5-kr\u00e1t \u010dastej\u0161ie mu\u017ei ako \u017eeny (tabu\u013eka 2). Aspo\u0148 jednu klie\u0161\u0165ov\u00fa epiz\u00f3du uviedlo 2 114 respondentov, pri\u010dom viacer\u00ed ozna\u010dili nieko\u013eko miest prisatia klie\u0161\u0165a, preto s\u00fa\u010det percent miest na tele napadnut\u00fdch respondentov je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako sto. Za naj\u010dastej\u0161ie miesta pricicania klie\u0161\u0165ov na tele napadnut\u00ed respondenti ozna\u010dili brucho a p\u00e1s (25 \u2013 40 %), hlavu a krk (24 \u2013 30 %) a stehn\u00e1 (24 \u2013 30 %), nasledovali l\u00fdtka, ramen\u00e1, pazuchy, hrudn\u00edk a slabiny (10 \u2013 18 %), ostatn\u00e9 miesta ozna\u010dilo menej ako 10 % respondentov (tabu\u013eka 3). \u0160tatistick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy z\u00e1vislosti frekvencie klie\u0161\u0165ovej epiz\u00f3dy a sledovan\u00fdch faktorov v jednotliv\u00fdch s\u00faboroch respondentov nepriniesli jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, ktor\u00e9 sa naviac l\u00ed\u0161ili aj u jednotliv\u00fdch pohlav\u00ed. Napriek tomu m\u00f4\u017eeme kon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee \u010dastej\u0161ie klie\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 epiz\u00f3dy ud\u00e1vali respondenti, ktor\u00ed v lese pracovali, alebo lesy nav\u0161tevovali za \u00fa\u010delom po\u013eovn\u00edctva (tabu\u013eka 4). Naopak, chat\u00e1rstvo a turistika nemalo jednozna\u010dn\u00fd vplyv na klie\u0161\u0165ov\u00fa epiz\u00f3du, zber h\u00fab vyk\u00e1zal rozporn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti. V\u00fdznamn\u00fd bol aj vplyv kr\u00e1tkych nohav\u00edc na klie\u0161\u0165ov\u00fa epiz\u00f3du.<\/p>\n

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Diskusia a z\u00e1ver<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na\u0161a \u0161t\u00fadia poukazuje na to, \u017ee nie ka\u017ed\u00fd je rovnako atrakt\u00edvny pre klie\u0161te. S\u00fa jedinci, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa prirodzene odoln\u00ed a nikdy ho na sebe pricican\u00e9ho nepozorovali, in\u00ed s\u00fa naopak ve\u013emi atrakt\u00edvni. Pr\u00ed\u010dinou s\u00fa biochemick\u00e9 i biofyzik\u00e1lne vlastnosti \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vroden\u00e9 alebo z\u00edskan\u00e9 po\u010das \u017eivota, napr. stravou, typom pr\u00e1ce, fyzick\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia, ale aj pou\u017e\u00edvanie repelentov, prehliadka tela po\u010das pobytu v lese a po jeho n\u00e1vrate domov, ktor\u00e9 v tejto \u0161t\u00fadii neboli analyzovan\u00e9. Miesto pricicania klie\u0161\u0165a do zna\u010dnej miery z\u00e1vis\u00ed od oble\u010denia. Pri kr\u00e1tkych nohaviciach sa klie\u0161\u0165 dostane na telo na doln\u00fdch kon\u010datin\u00e1ch a pricicia sa na l\u00fdtku, stehne \u010di v slabin\u00e1ch. Pri dlh\u00fdch nohaviciach s tri\u010dkom prehoden\u00fdm cez p\u00e1s sa klie\u0161\u0165 dostane na ko\u017eu v oblasti p\u00e1sa a ak ko\u0161e\u013ea alebo tri\u010dko s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 do nohav\u00edc, klie\u0161\u0165 sa vy\u0161plh\u00e1 a\u017e na ramen\u00e1 a na ko\u017eu sa dostane cez golier alebo kr\u00e1tke ruk\u00e1vy, pr\u00edpadne prejde a\u017e na hlavu. Frekvencia n\u00e1v\u0161tevnosti lesa nebola jednozna\u010dne v korel\u00e1cii s klie\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdmi epiz\u00f3dami. Do istej miery sa potvrdilo, \u017ee b\u00fdvanie v lese, alebo \u010dastej\u0161ia frekvencia n\u00e1v\u0161tevy zvy\u0161uje riziko pricicania klie\u0161\u0165a, ale boli pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f respondenti ud\u00e1vali \u010dast\u00fd pobyt v lese bez klie\u0161\u0165ovej epiz\u00f3dy a naopak, niektor\u00ed respondenti s ojedinelou n\u00e1v\u0161tevou lesa uv\u00e1dzali ka\u017edoro\u010dne pricican\u00e9ho klie\u0161\u0165a. Otvorenou zost\u00e1va ot\u00e1zka, \u010di pou\u017e\u00edvanie mobiln\u00fdch telef\u00f3nov m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyvni\u0165 atraktivitu \u013eud\u00ed pre klie\u0161te. Zistili sme, \u017ee dospel\u00e9 klie\u0161teI. ricinus pozit\u00edvne reaguj\u00fa na 900 MHz \u017eiarenie mobiln\u00fdch telef\u00f3nov. Klie\u0161te vystaven\u00e9 tomuto \u017eiareniu v \u0161peci\u00e1lnej odtienenej komore v experiment\u00e1lnej aparat\u00fare s vo\u013ebou v\u00fdberu miesta, mali tendenciu zhroma\u017e\u010fova\u0165 sa v o\u017eiarenej \u010dasti, dokonca po\u010detnej\u0161ie v o\u017eiarenej \u010dasti boli klie\u0161te infikovan\u00e9 riketsiami a bor\u00e9liami(4,5). Spoznanie biochemick\u00fdch i biofyzik\u00e1lnych pr\u00ed\u010din prirodzenej alebo z\u00edskanej odolnosti \u010di atraktivity pre klie\u0161te je cie\u013eom v\u00fdskumu rie\u0161ite\u013esk\u00e9ho kolekt\u00edvu,
\nv\u00fdsledky ktor\u00e9ho by mohli sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 pre \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161iu prevenciu. Z uveden\u00e9ho usudzujeme, \u017ee na preferenciu \u010dloveka vo\u010di klie\u0161\u0165om vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne faktory, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa podrobnej\u0161iu \u0161t\u00fadiu.<\/p>\n

Po\u010fakovanie:<\/strong> T\u00e1to publik\u00e1cia bola podporen\u00e1 projektom APVV-17-0372 \u201eR\u00e1diofrekven\u010dn\u00e9 rozhranie v biol\u00f3gii a ekol\u00f3gii ixodidov\u00fdch klie\u0161\u0165ov\u201c.
\nKonflikt z\u00e1ujmov:<\/strong> Autori vyhlasuj\u00fa, \u017ee nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadny konflikt z\u00e1ujmov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LITERAT\u00daRA<\/strong>
\n1. Linsel T. Hostite\u013esk\u00e1 preferencia klie\u0161\u0165a Ixodes ricinus v \u013eudskej popul\u00e1cii. Diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, UVLF, 2000, 26 s. (ved\u00faci pr\u00e1ce B. Pe\u0165ko).
\n2. Bajusov\u00e1 A. Hostite\u013esk\u00e1 preferencia klie\u0161\u0165ov rodu Ixodes (Acarina: Ixodida) v popul\u00e1cii stredo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch \u0161tudentov met\u00f3dou matematickej \u0161tatistiky, Diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, UPJ\u0160, 2005, 50 s. (ved\u00faci pr\u00e1ce B. Pe\u0165ko).
\n3. Klenov\u00e1 I. Hostite\u013esk\u00e1 preferencia klie\u0161\u0165a Ixodes ricinus v \u013eudskej popul\u00e1cii. Bakal\u00e1rska pr\u00e1ca, UPJ\u0160, 2008, 36 s. (ved\u00faca pr\u00e1ce E. Bullov\u00e1, konzultant B. Pe\u0165ko).
\n4. Vargov\u00e1 B, Majl\u00e1th I, Kurimsk\u00fd J, et al. Electromagnetic radiation and behavioural response of ticks: an experimental test. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 75(1): 85-95.
\n5. Fr\u0105nczak M, Vargov\u00e1 B, Tryjanowski P, et al. Infected Ixodes ricinus ticks are attracted by electromagnetic radiation of 900 MHz. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11(4): 101416.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

*All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf attachment at the end of the paper.   \u00davod V ostatn\u00fdch dek\u00e1dach st\u00fapa po\u010det pr\u00edpadov ochoren\u00ed \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch p\u00f4vodcov pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa klie\u0161te, najm\u00e4 klie\u0161\u0165 oby\u010dajn\u00fd (Ixodes ricinus), av\u0161ak nie ka\u017ed\u00fd je rovnako atrakt\u00edvny pre klie\u0161te. Zvy\u0161uje sa n\u00e1v\u0161tevnos\u0165<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1596],"tags":[1668,1667,1666],"class_list":["post-2176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-parazitologia-en","tag-human","tag-place-of-bite","tag-tick","typ_clanku-original-work"],"acf":{"abstrakt":"

The work deals with the preference of the place of attachment of the common tick on the human body. Approximately a quarter of the young active part of the population is resistant to ticks. Ticks do not attach to them. In contrast, one-tenth to one-sixth of the population is attractive to ticks with at least one tick episode each year, and only a small percentage of people register more than 10 ticks each year. About two thirds of the population are attacked by ticks sporadically. The most common places for ticks to attach to the body are the abdomen and waist, thighs, head and neck. The location of the tick may be affected by clothing, but the possible influence of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones is also considered.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> tick, place of bite, human<\/p>\n","casopis":[{"ID":2132,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-09-04 08:09:57","post_date_gmt":"2020-09-04 06:09:57","post_content":"SUPPLEMENT\r\n\r\nPri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti odbornej konferencie\r\n\r\nI. Aktu\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my hum\u00e1nnej parazitol\u00f3gie<\/strong>\r\n