{"id":2188,"date":"2020-09-07T14:52:04","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T12:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/vyskyt-borrelia-burgdorferi-sensu-lato-a-dalsich-patogenov-prenasanych-kliestami-v-kliestoch-cicajucich-na-ludoch\/"},"modified":"2020-09-07T14:54:16","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T12:54:16","slug":"incidence-of-borrelia-burgdorferi-sensu-lato-and-other-tick-borne-pathogens-in-human-feeding-ticks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newslab.sk\/en\/incidence-of-borrelia-burgdorferi-sensu-lato-and-other-tick-borne-pathogens-in-human-feeding-ticks\/","title":{"rendered":"Incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and other tick-borne pathogens in human feeding ticks"},"content":{"rendered":"

*<\/strong>All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf attachment at the end of the paper.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rod Borrelia sa sklad\u00e1 z dvoch skup\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa morfologicky identick\u00e9, pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa ich v\u0161ak rozdielne vektory. Do skupiny B. burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) s\u00fa zaraden\u00ed p\u00f4vodcovia lymskej boreli\u00f3zy (LB). Patr\u00ed do nej 22 druhov, z ktor\u00fdch 10 je pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch v Eur\u00f3pe. Vektorom v Eur\u00f3pe je klie\u0161\u0165 oby\u010dajn\u00fd \u2013 Ixodes ricinus. Jednotliv\u00e9 druhy sa d\u00e1vaj\u00fa do s\u00favisu s rozdielnou symptomatol\u00f3giou a ekol\u00f3giou. Prevalencia B. burgdorferi s. l. v klie\u0161\u0165och z veget\u00e1cie na Slovensku sa v z\u00e1vislosti od lokality pohybuje od 4,4 % a\u017e po viac ako 50 % s priemernou hodnotou okolo 20 %(1). Do druhej skupiny z rodu Borrelia patria spiroch\u00e9ty, ktor\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1vratn\u00e9 hor\u00fa\u010dky a s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 argasov\u00fdmi klie\u0161\u0165ami. Druh B. miyamotoi je pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fd rovnak\u00fdm vektorom ako p\u00f4vodcovia LB. Prevalencia v klie\u0161\u0165och na Slovensku sa pohybuje okolo 0,75 %(2). K \u010fal\u0161\u00edm patog\u00e9nom, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 na \u013eud\u00ed klie\u0161\u0165om oby\u010dajn\u00fdm, patr\u00ed v\u00edrus klie\u0161\u0165ovej encefalit\u00eddy, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Candidatus Neoerlichia mikurensis, riketsie a protozo\u00e1rne parazity z rodu Babesia. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom pr\u00e1ce bolo zistenie prevalencie a druhov\u00e9ho zast\u00fapenia B. burgdorferi s. l., B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum a Babesia spp. v klie\u0161\u0165och, ktor\u00e9 cicali na pacientoch ambulancie pre lymsk\u00fa boreli\u00f3zu v Bratislave.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1l a metodika<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pacienti odovzdali klie\u0161te s vyplnenou \u017eiados\u0165ou a dotazn\u00edkom. Klie\u0161te boli uchov\u00e1van\u00e9 v 70 % etanole a\u017e do identifik\u00e1cie a izol\u00e1cie DNA. Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 DNA patog\u00e9nov bola detegovan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom PCR a realtime PCR: B. burgdorferi s. l.(3), B. miyamotoi(2) a A. phagocytophilum(3) a Babesia spp.(4). Druhov\u00e9 zast\u00fapenie B. burgdorferi s. l. bolo ur\u010den\u00e9 anal\u00fdzou d\u013a\u017eky re\u0161trik\u010dn\u00fdch fragmentov (RFLP)(5).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po\u010das rokov 2013 \u2013 2018 sme z\u00edskali 448 klie\u0161\u0165ov cicaj\u00facich na \u013eu\u010foch. U 423 klie\u0161\u0165ov bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikova\u0165 druh a v\u00fdvinov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1dium. V\u0161etky klie\u0161te patrili do druhu I. ricinus. Nymfy tvorili 281 (66,4 %) klie\u0161\u0165ov, 108 (25,5 %) samice a 34 (8 %) larvy. U 365 klie\u0161\u0165ov bola uveden\u00e1 aj d\u013a\u017eka pricicania, 41 % klie\u0161\u0165ov cicalo krat\u0161ie ako 12 hod\u00edn, 33 % bolo pricican\u00fdch 24 hod\u00edn, 10 % do 36 hod\u00edn, 12 % do 48 hod\u00edn a 4 % klie\u0161\u0165ov cicalo dlh\u0161ie ako dva dni (graf 1). U 17,2 % (73\/423) klie\u0161\u0165ov sa vyskytovala B. burgdorferi s. l., z toho bolo pozit\u00edvnych 16,4 % (46\/281) n\u00fdmf a 25 % (27\/108) sam\u00edc. Z druhov\u00e9ho zast\u00fapenia to bola B. afzelii (53,7 %), B. garinii (29,7 %), B. valaisiana (9,3 %), B. lusitaniae (4 %), B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s. s.) (1,9 %) a B. spielmanii (1,9 %). Na \u010fal\u0161ie patog\u00e9ny boli klie\u0161te vy\u0161etrovan\u00e9 na individu\u00e1lnu \u017eiados\u0165 pacientov. B. miyamotoi bola detegovan\u00e1 u 2 z 226 (0,8 %), A. phagocytophilum u 4 zo 107 (3,7 %) a Babesia spp. u 7 zo 102 (6,9 %) klie\u0161\u0165ov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Diskusia a z\u00e1ver<\/strong><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00fdch rokoch pozorujeme na Slovensku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt klie\u0161\u0165ov nielen v pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch oblastiach, ale aj v mest\u00e1ch. Z h\u013eadiska rizika prenosu patog\u00e9nov na \u010dloveka je najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvinov\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1diom nymfa druhuI. ricinus, ktor\u00e1 je v porovnan\u00ed so samicami men\u0161ia. To \u010dasto sp\u00f4sobuje neskor\u0161ie odstr\u00e1nenie n\u00fdmf ako dospel\u00fdch jedincov(6). V pr\u00edrode s\u00fa nymfy po\u010detnej\u0161ie ako dospel\u00e9 klie\u0161te. V nami analyzovan\u00fdch klie\u0161\u0165och taktie\u017e prevl\u00e1dali nymfy. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorom, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje riziko prenosu, je d\u013a\u017eka cicania klie\u0161\u0165a. Prenos bor\u00e9li\u00ed v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nast\u00e1va po 24 hodin\u00e1ch, respekt\u00edve po viac ako 36 a\u017e 48 hodin\u00e1ch, v z\u00e1vislosti od druhu(7). V dotazn\u00edku 73,4 % pacientov uviedlo, \u017ee si odstr\u00e1nili klie\u0161\u0165a do 24 hod\u00edn, \u010d\u00edm sami zn\u00ed\u017eili riziko prenosu infekcie. 17,2 % prevalencia B. burgdorferi s. l. v klie\u0161\u0165och z \u013eud\u00ed odzrkad\u013euje priemern\u00fa prevalenciu v klie\u0161\u0165och z veget\u00e1cie na Slovensku(1). Medzi pozit\u00edvnymi klie\u0161\u0165ami dominovala B. afzelii a B. garinii, ktor\u00e9 zodpovedaj\u00fa za najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det ochoren\u00ed na LB. B. miyamotoi bola v klie\u0161\u0165och z \u013eud\u00ed detegovan\u00e1 na Slovensku prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t. A. phagocytophilum a Babesia spp. boli tie\u017e pr\u00edtomn\u00e9, a preto je potrebn\u00e9 ich bra\u0165 do \u00favahy pri diferenci\u00e1lnej diagnostike. V\u00fdskyt \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra patog\u00e9nov v klie\u0161\u0165och cicaj\u00facich na \u013eu\u010foch poukazuje na mo\u017en\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 n\u00e1kazy nielen LB, ale aj n\u00e1vratnou hor\u00fa\u010dkou, hum\u00e1nnou granulocyt\u00e1rnou anapazm\u00f3zou a babezi\u00f3zou, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyskytova\u0165 u imunosuprimovan\u00fdch jedincov. Po\u010fakovanie: Pr\u00e1ca bola podporen\u00e1 projektom APVV-16-0463
\na Vega 2\/0119\/17.<\/p>\n

Konflikt z\u00e1ujmov:<\/strong> Autori vyhlasuj\u00fa, \u017ee nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadny konflikt z\u00e1ujmov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LITERAT\u00daRA<\/strong>
\n1. Derd\u00e1kov\u00e1 M, Stanko M, \u0160pitalsk\u00e1 E, et al. Ticks and their epidemiological role in Slovakia II. Tick-borne viruses and spirochaetes Wien Klin Wochenschr. Submitted
\n2. Vaculov\u00e1 T, Derd\u00e1kov\u00e1 M, \u0160pitalsk\u00e1 E, et al. Simultaneous Occurrence of Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia helvetica in Ixodes ricinus ticks in urban foci in Bratislava, Slovakia. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64: 19-30.
\n3. Courtney JW, Kostelnik LM, Zeidner NS, et al. Multiplex Real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 3164-3168.
\n4. Casati S, Sager H, Gern L, et al. Presence of potentially pathogenic Babesia sp. for human in Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2006; 13: 65-70.
\n5. Derd\u00e1kov\u00e1 M, Beati L, Pet\u2019ko B, et al. Genetic variability within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies established by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the rrfA-rrlB intergenic spacer in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Czech Republic. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69: 509-516.
\n6. Huegli D, Moret J, Rais O, et al. Prospective study on the incidence of infection by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato after a tick bite in a highly endemic area of Switzerland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2011; 2: 129-136.
\n7. Crippa M, Rais O, Gern L. Investigations on the mode and dynamics of transmission and infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes Ricinus ticks. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2002; 2: 3-9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

*All tables, charts, graphs and pictures that are featured in this article can be found in the .pdf attachment at the end of the paper.   \u00davod Rod Borrelia sa sklad\u00e1 z dvoch skup\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa morfologicky identick\u00e9, pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa ich v\u0161ak rozdielne vektory. Do skupiny B. burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.) s\u00fa zaraden\u00ed p\u00f4vodcovia lymskej<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1596],"tags":[1676,1666,1677],"class_list":["post-2188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-parazitologia-en","tag-lyme-borreliosis","tag-tick","tag-tick-borne-diseases","typ_clanku-original-work"],"acf":{"abstrakt":"

Four hundred twenty-three ticks that had fed on humans were tested for the presence of tick-borne pathogens. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. was 17.2 %. Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in 0.8 %, Anaplasma phagocytophilum in 3.7 % and Babesia spp. in 6.9 % of analysed ticks. The occurrence of a wide spectrum of tick-borne pathogens in human fed ticks points out on the risk of infection not only with Lyme borreliosis, but also borrelial relapsing fever, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and babesiosis.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> tick, Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne diseases<\/p>\n","casopis":[{"ID":2132,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-09-04 08:09:57","post_date_gmt":"2020-09-04 06:09:57","post_content":"SUPPLEMENT\r\n\r\nPri pr\u00edle\u017eitosti odbornej konferencie\r\n\r\nI. Aktu\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my hum\u00e1nnej parazitol\u00f3gie<\/strong>\r\n